Dedication of the firstborn

1The LORD said to Moses, 2“Dedicate to me the firstborn son of every family and the firstborn males of your flocks and herds. These belong to me.”13.2: Nu 3.13; Lk 2.23.

The Festival of Thin Bread

3-4Moses said to the people:

Remember this day in the month of Abib.13.3,4 Abib: Or Nisan, the first month of the Hebrew calendar, from about mid-March to mid-April. It is the day when the LORD's mighty power rescued you from Egypt, where you were slaves. Do not eat anything made with yeast. 5The LORD promised your ancestors that he would bring you into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Hivites, and Jebusites. It is a land rich with milk and honey.

Each year during the month of Abib, celebrate these events in the following way: 6for seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast, and on the seventh day you are to celebrate a festival in honour of the LORD. 7During those seven days, you must not eat anything made with yeast or even have yeast anywhere near your homes. 8Then on the seventh day you must explain to your children that you do this because the LORD brought you out of Egypt.

9This celebration will be like wearing a sign on your hand or on your forehead, because then you will pass on to others the teaching of the LORD, whose mighty power brought you out of Egypt. 10Celebrate this festival each year at the same time.

11The LORD will give you the land of the Canaanites, just as he promised you and your ancestors. 12From then on, you must give him every firstborn son from your families and every firstborn male from your animals, because these belong to him.13.12: Ex 34.19,20; Lk 2.23. 13You can save the life of a firstborn donkey13.13 donkey: This was the only “unclean” animal that had to be saved; the firstborn of all “clean” animals (sheep, goats, cattle) had to be sacrificed. Donkeys were important because they were the basic means of transport. by sacrificing a lamb; if you don't, you must break the donkey's neck. You must save every firstborn son.

14In the future your children will ask what this ceremony means. Explain it to them by saying, “The LORD used his mighty power to rescue us from slavery in Egypt. 15The king13.15 The king: See the note at 1.11. stubbornly refused to set us free, so the LORD killed the firstborn male of every animal and the firstborn son of every Egyptian family. This is why we sacrifice to the LORD every firstborn male of every animal and save every firstborn son.”

16This ceremony will serve the same purpose as a sign on your hand or on your forehead to tell how the LORD's mighty power rescued us from Egypt.

The LORD leads his people

17After the king13.17 the king: See the note at 1.11. had finally let the people go, the LORD did not lead them through Philistine territory,13.17 Philistine territory: The shortest land route from the Nile Delta to Canaan; it was the southern section of the major road that led to Megiddo and then on to Mesopotamia by way of Asia Minor. though that was the shortest way. God had said, “If they are attacked, they may decide to return to Egypt.” 18So he led them around through the desert and towards the Red Sea.13.18 Red Sea: Hebrew yam suph “Sea of Reeds”, one of the marshes or fresh water lakes, near the eastern part of the Nile Delta. This identification is based on Exodus 13.17—14.9, which lists the towns on the route of the Israelites before crossing the sea. In the Greek translation of the Scriptures made about 200 BC, the “Sea of Reeds” was named “Red Sea”.

The Israelites left Egypt, prepared for battle.

19Moses made them take along the bones of Joseph, whose dying words had been, “God will come to your rescue, and when he does, be sure to take along my bones.”13.19: Gn 50.25; Js 24.32.

20The people of Israel left Succoth and camped at Etham at the border of Egypt near the desert. 21-22During the day the LORD went ahead of his people in a thick cloud, and during the night he went ahead of them in a flaming fire. That way the LORD could lead them at all times, whether day or night.