Moral and religious laws

1The LORD told Moses 2to say to the community of Israel:19.2: Lv 11.44,45; 1 P 1.16.

I am the LORD your God. I am holy, and you must be holy too! 3-4Respect your father and your mother, honour the Sabbath, and don't make idols or images. I am the LORD your God.19.3: a Ex 20.12; Dt 5.16; b Ex 20.8; Dt 5.12.19.4: a Lv 26.1; b Ex 20.23; 34.17; Dt 17.25.

5When you offer a sacrifice to ask my blessing,19.5 to ask my blessing: See the note at 3.1. be sure to follow my instructions. 6You may eat the meat either on the day of the sacrifice or on the next day, but you must burn anything left until the third day. 7If you eat any of it on the third day, the sacrifice will be disgusting to me, and I will reject it. 8In fact, you will be punished for not respecting what I say is holy, and you will no longer belong to the community of Israel.

9When you harvest your grain, always leave some of it standing along the edges of your fields and don't pick up what falls on the ground.19.9,10: Lv 27.15; Dt 24.19-22. 10Don't strip your grapevines clean or gather the grapes that fall off the vines. Leave them for the poor and for those foreigners who live among you. I am the LORD your God.

11Do not steal or tell lies or cheat others.19.11: a Ex 20.15; Dt 5.19; b Ex 20.16; Dt 5.20.

12Do not misuse my name by making promises you don't intend to keep. I am the LORD your God.19.12: Ex 20.7; Dt 5.11; Mt 5.33.

13Do not steal anything or cheat anyone, and don't fail to pay your workers at the end of each day.19.13 to pay…end of each day: Day labourers needed their wages to buy food for their evening meal, which was the main meal of the day.19.13: Dt 24.14,15.

14I am the LORD your God, and I command you not to make fun of the deaf or to cause a blind person to stumble.19.14: Dt 27.18.

15Be fair, no matter who is on trial—don't favour either the poor or the rich.19.15: Ex 23.6-8; Dt 16.19.

16Don't be a gossip, but never hesitate to speak up in court, especially if your testimony can save someone's life.19.16 but never…someone's life: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text.

17Don't hold grudges. On the other hand, it's wrong not to correct someone who needs correcting.19.17: Mt 18.15. 18Stop being angry and don't try to take revenge. I am the LORD, and I command you to love others as much as you love yourself.19.18: Mt 5.43; 19.19; 22.39; Mk 12.31; Lk 10.27; Ro 13.9; Ga 5.14; Jas 2.8.

19Breed your livestock animals only with animals of the same kind, and don't plant two kinds of seed in the same field or wear clothes made of different kinds of material.19.19: Dt 22.9-11.

20If a man has sex with a slave woman who is promised in marriage to someone else, he must pay a fine, but they are not to be put to death. After all, she was still a slave at the time.19.20 time: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text of verse 20. 21-22The man must bring a ram to the entrance of the sacred tent and give it to a priest, who will then offer it as a sacrifice to me, so the man's sins will be forgiven.

23After you enter the land, you will plant fruit trees, but you are not to eat any of their fruit for the first three years. 24In the fourth year the fruit must be set apart, as an expression of thanks 25to me, the LORD God. Do this, and in the fifth year, those trees will produce an abundant harvest of fruit for you to eat.

26Don't eat the blood of any animal.19.26: a Gn 9.4; Lv 7.26-27; 17.10-14; Dt 12.16,23; 15.23; b Dt 18.10.

Don't practise any kind of witchcraft.

27-28I forbid you to shave any part of your head or beard or to cut and tattoo yourself as a way of worshipping the dead.19.27,28: Lv 21.5; Dt 14.1.

29Don't let your daughters serve as temple prostitutes—this would bring disgrace both to them and the land.19.29: Dt 23.17.

30I command you to respect the Sabbath and the place where I am worshipped.19.30: Lv 26.2.

31Don't make yourselves disgusting to me by going to people who claim they can talk to the dead.19.31: Dt 18.11; 1 S 28.3; 2 K 23.4; Is 8.19.

32I command you to show respect for older people and to obey me with fear and trembling.

33Don't ill-treat any foreigners who live in your land.19.33,34: Ex 22.21; Dt 24.17-18; 27.19. 34Instead, treat them as well as you treat citizens and love them as much as you love yourself. Remember, you were once foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.

35-36Use honest scales and don't cheat when you weigh or measure anything.19.35,36: Dt 25.13-16; Pr 20.10; Ez 45.10.

I am the LORD your God. I rescued you from Egypt, 37and I command you to obey my laws.