11.1: 2 Kgs 15.1–7; 2 Chr 26.1–23; 2 Kgs 14.23–29These are the words of Amos, a shepherd from the town of Tekoa. Two years before the earthquake, when Uzziah was king of Judah and Jeroboam son of Jehoash was king of Israel, God revealed to Amos all these things about Israel.

21.2: Joel 3.16Amos said,

“The LORD roars from Mount Zion;

his voice thunders from Jerusalem.

The pastures dry up,

and the grass on Mount Carmel turns brown.”

God's Judgement on Israel's Neighbours

Syria

31.3–5: Is 17.1–3; Jer 49.23–27; Zech 9.1The LORD says, “The people of Damascus have sinned again and again, and for this I will certainly punish them. They treated the people of Gilead with savage cruelty. 4So I will send fire upon the palace built by King Hazael and I will burn down the fortresses of King Benhadad. 5I will smash the city gates of Damascus and remove the inhabitants of the Valley of Aven and the ruler of Betheden. The people of Syria will be taken away as prisoners to the land of Kir.”

Philistia

61.6–8: Is 14.29–31; Jer 47.1–7; Ezek 25.15–17; Joel 3.4–8; Zeph 2.4–7; Zech 9.5–7The LORD says, “The people of Gaza have sinned again and again, and for this I will certainly punish them. They carried off a whole nation and sold them as slaves to the people of Edom. 7So I will send fire upon the city walls of Gaza and burn down its fortresses. 8I will remove the rulers of the cities of Ashdod and Ashkelon. I will punish the city of Ekron, and all the Philistines who are left will die.”

Tyre

91.9–10: Is 23.1–18; Ezek 26.1—28.19; Joel 3.4–8; Zech 9.1–4; Mt 11.21–22; Lk 10.13–14The LORD says, “The people of Tyre have sinned again and again, and for this I will certainly punish them. They carried off a whole nation into exile in the land of Edom, and did not keep the treaty of friendship they had made. 10So I will send fire upon the city walls of Tyre and burn down its fortresses.”

Edom

111.11–12: Is 34.5–17; 63.1–6; Jer 49.7–22; Ezek 25.12–14; 35.1–15; Obad 1–14; Mal 1.2–5The LORD says, “The people of Edom have sinned again and again, and for this I will certainly punish them. They hunted down their relatives,1.11 their relatives: The Israelites were descended from Jacob, who was the brother of Esau, the ancestor of the Edomites. the Israelites, and showed them no mercy. Their anger had no limits, and they never let it die. 12So I will send fire upon the city of Teman and burn down the fortresses of Bozrah.”

Ammon

131.13–15: Jer 49.1–6; Ezek 21.28–32; 25.1–7; Zeph 2.8–11The LORD says, “The people of Ammon have sinned again and again, and for this I will certainly punish them. In their wars for more territory they even ripped open pregnant women in Gilead. 14So I will send fire upon the city walls of Rabbah and burn down its fortresses. Then there will be shouts on the day of battle, and the fighting will rage like a storm. 15Their king and his officers will go into exile.”