1Now there was a certain Simon, a political opponent of the noble and good man, Oni'as, who then held the high priesthood for life. When despite all manner of slander he was unable to injure Oni'as in the eyes of the nation, he fled the country with the purpose of betraying it. 2So he came to Apollo'nius, governor of Syria, Phoeni'cia, and Cili'cia, and said, 3“I have come here because I am loyal to the king's government, to report that in the Jerusalem treasuries there are deposited tens of thousands in private funds, which are not the property of the temple but belong to King Seleu'cus.” 4When Apollo'nius learned the details of these things, he praised Simon for his service to the king and went up to Seleu'cus to inform him of the rich treasure. 5On receiving authority to deal with this matter, he proceeded quickly to our country accompanied by the accursed Simon and a very strong military force. 6He said that he had come with the king's authority to seize the private funds in the treasury. 7The people indignantly protested his words, considering it outrageous that those who had committed deposits to the sacred treasury should be deprived of them, and did all that they could to prevent it. 8But, uttering threats, Apollo'nius went on the temple. 9While the priests together with women and children were imploring God in the temple to shield the holy place that was being treated so contemptuously, 10and while Apollo'nius was going up with his armed forces to seize the money, angels on horseback with lightning flashing from their weapons appeared from heaven, instilling in them great fear and trembling. 11Then Apollo'nius fell down half dead in the temple area that was open to all, stretched out his hands toward heaven, and with tears besought the Hebrews to pray for him and propitiate the wrath of the heavenly army. 12For he said that he had committed a sin deserving of death, and that if he were delivered he would praise the blessedness of the holy place before all people. 13Moved by these words, Oni'as the high priest, although otherwise he had scruples about doing so, prayed for him lest King Seleu'cus suppose that Apollo'nius had been overcome by human treachery and not by divine justice. 14So Apollo'nius, having been preserved beyond all expectations, went away to report to the king what had happened to him.

15When King Seleu'cus died, his son Anti'ochus Epiph'anes succeeded to the throne, an arrogant and terrible man, 16who removed Oni'as from the priesthood and appointed Oni'as's4.16 Greek his brother Jason as high priest. 17Jason4.17 (see preceding page) agreed that if the office were conferred upon him he would pay the king three thousand six hundred and sixty talents annually. 18So the king appointed him high priest and ruler of the nation. 19Jason4.19 Greek He changed the nation's way of life and altered its form of government in complete violation of the law, 20so that not only, was a gymnasium constructed at the very citadel4.20 Or high place of our native land, but also the temple service was abolished. 21The divine justice was angered by these acts and caused Anti'ochus himself to make war on them. 22For when he was warring against Ptol'emy in Egypt, he heard that a rumour of his death had spread and that the people of Jerusalem had rejoiced greatly. He speedily marched against them, 23and after he had plundered them he issued a decree that if any of them should be found observing the ancestral law they should die. 24When, by means of his decrees, he had not been able in any way to put an end to the people's observance of the law, but saw that all his threats and punishments were being disregarded, 25even to the point that women, because they had circumcised their sons, were thrown headlong from heights along with their infants, though they had known beforehand that they would suffer this — 26when, then, his decrees were despised by the people, he himself, through torture, tried to compel everyone in the nation to eat defiling foods and to renounce Judaism.